Compare And Contrast Bobbie Ann Mason And Raymond Carver

Darkness to Light While being in a dark place for a long time there usually is a time in life where it turns to light. You go through things in life where it brings you down and shows you better things that can happen in the future. That is what Authors Bobbie Ann Mason and Raymond Carver shows us in their stories. They explain relationships and how they are expressed differently by each and every one of us. The relationships between man and woman show us the differences between them and how they react with one another. Relationships complicate life and show great things that come out of them. The different ways people describe love it quite strange by showing abuse, loss, and emotion. In these two stories the authors explain how people†¦show more content†¦Due to the fact she lost her son at the same time she lost connection with her husband Randy, who was also in a bad accident hurting himself. With this type of loss, it is pulling the reader in by connecting with multiple issues. Also with dealing with loss, you have to deal with coping and her husband will probably start heavily drinking or smoking due to the fact he is losing is wife he would do everything for. â€Å"Leroy likes to lie on the couch and smoke a joint and listen to Norma Jean play.† (868) If he lost her he would probably still do the things they would always do, including building their dream house they always wanted growing up. You could tell he really cared for her and didn’t want nothing bad to happen. On the other hand in the story â€Å"What We Talk About When We Talk About Love† a woman is abused by her ex-husband and still believes he loves her. By dealing with losing him to a suicide she still cared for him even though he would beat her so bad. This loss pulls people in by showing them how abuse affects people’s lives forever. Raymond Carver wanted to make that clear throughout this story that there are many ways people describe love. That is just another way peop le see love but the other side is the emotional aspects that follow into it. Another part of the same aspects these authors relate by is that they use their stories to pull in people by using emotional situations. By doing that they are catching attention right away and pull you

Related text to whose life is it anyway Free Essays

Related text to whose life Is it anyway? – Power and the Individual What Ideas of power are represented In â€Å"whose life Is It anyway† and the related tested material you have chosen and how does the related text link to the prescribe text? There are many Ideas and reasons why My Sisters keeper and whose life is It anyway have similar relations to the power and the individual. For one the battle of individual rights, Both Anna and Ken fight for their individual rights to their Body and life. Ken doesn’t want to live anymore because he thinks there is no point as he can’t do anything for himself and need nurse to help. We will write a custom essay sample on Related text to whose life is it anyway? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Anna wants individual rights to her body because she doesn’t want to be cut open and have needles stuck in her time after time if its not going to help her sister and her sister wants Anna to win her rights so she can die because she is in a lot of pain and can’t take it anymore. Another reason is Power of Law Ken wishes to die and due to his medical status he is unable to make this happen, the power of law Influences his situation as he asks he doctors multiple times to kill but due to the law they are unable to do this. Anna’s situation Is Influenced by the power of law as she Is a child her parents are her legal guardians therefore giving them the power to make her decisions for her. She Is mature enough to make her own decisions but she is too young, she seeks to be medically released so she is able to have the choice. The power of physical strength is also another reason; Ken has no power of physical strength because he is a quadriplegic. Anna, as a child has less physical strength than her parents, therefore their power is stronger. How to cite Related text to whose life is it anyway?, Essays

Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder

Question: Discuss about the Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. Answer: Introduction According to Doney et al. (2016), alcohol produces by far the most complicated and dangerous neurobehavioral challenges to the fetus when compared to all the substances abused such as marijuana, heroin, and cocaine. Prenatal exposure occurs when the alcohol crosses the placenta leading to the rise in the alcohol level in the blood of the fetus that in worst cases can reach maternal blood level. Kavanagh and Payne (2014) denote that alcohol being a teratogen, it can cause any malfunctions to the infant leading to behavioral, physical, or learning challenges when the child is born. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders is a major disorder that occurs due to fetal exposure to alcohol by the parent (Mutch, Watkins, Bower, 2015). This paper evaluates the occurrence of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders among the Australian Indigenous Communities, impacts it can cause to an individual and the community, and its diagnosis and treatment. The paper also evaluates some of the contributing factors th at can prevent its effective treatment and possible ramifications in the case of poor management. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) is an umbrella term used in describing a spectrum of conditions that affects an individual due to fetal exposure to alcohol by the mother during pregnancy as pointed out by Salmon (2011). The study also denotes that every condition related to the disorder and its diagnosis is often based on characteristic feature presentations which are always unique to the person affected and may be neurobehavioral, physical, or developmental. As an umbrella term, the FASDs consist of the following conditions that all arise due to prenatal alcohol exposure; Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder abbreviated as ARND Alcohol Related Birth Defects abbreviated as ARBD Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) Partial Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (PFAS) Impacts of FASD on the Community and Individuals According to Abbs (2015), alcohol can cause great damage to the unborn infant at any level during pregnancy, an aspect that also determines the level of harm an individual can experience. The level of harm that can be experienced is also determined by the frequency and amount of alcohol exposure which is moderated by parental age, nutrition of the mother, and intergenerational alcohol use. For instance, Freckelton (2016) points out that the use of alcohol by the mother while living under poor diet or smoking cigarettes will worsen the condition of the fetus towards the exposure. The same study points out that the environmental factors affecting the mother such as stress, poverty, and exposure to violence are likely to worsen the condition of the FASD related infections to the fetus. In their study, Latimer et al. (2015) point out that many indigenous communities and individuals within the indigenous communities in Australia living with FASD often face a primary, secondary, and tertia ry challenges. The primary conditions that can be observed in an individual include impulsiveness, memory lapse, learning difficulties, difficulties in relating actions to different consequences, delays in development of a child, and even damage to major organs in the body Diagnosis and Treatment With modern technology and its adoptions within the medical industries in Australia, Fitzpatrick et al. (2015) point out that clinicians across Australia adopted the use of FASD diagnostic instrument as part of the Australian Guide to the diagnosis of the disease. In 2016, the Australian medical expert review panel harmonized the Australian diagnostic subcategories based on those recommended by the Canadian guidelines with the aim of accepting the overarching FASD diagnostic subcategories. These categories include; FASD with less than three sentinel facial features- a diagnosis process encompassing the proviso categories of Neuro-developmental Disorder-Alcohol Exposure and Partial Fetal Alcohol Syndrome FASD diagnosis consisting of three sentinel features in the fetal face- is a process that is similar to the previous Fetal Alcohol Syndrome diagnosis. Like any other physical disability condition, Burns et al. (2013) point out that FASD is a physical brain-based disorder that requires environmental accommodation. With early neurobehavioral interventions and a correct diagnosis as well as appropriate parental support and care in early stages of childhood, the quality of life and learning outcomes for individuals suffering from FASD can vastly improve. In his study, Salmon (2011) recommends interdependence rather than the independence objective for many adults affected by FASD as an acknowledgment of the need for appropriate support in the attempt of sustaining the individual capacity of engaging in economic and social life. It is also crucial to develop accommodation in full consultations with the people living with FASD since every individual has a particular need. Burns et al. (2013) also identify some case management approaches and support strategies in the treatment of FASD to include; Setting short-term strategic goals with intensive support, realistic expectations, and follow-through Non-indigenous educational support plans and approaches that professionally recognizes the relevant needs of FASD individuals within the indigenous Australian communities. Latimer et al. (2015) denote that the mainstream approaches only rely on the memory functionality and behaviors that at the end affect the cause-effect reasoning, filtration of external stimuli, sequestration, planning, and acceptance of the unexpected environmental changes that often affect the patients. Adopting the use of public trustee for effective management of finances during treatment and intervention. Adopting concrete language and routine structures such as using tools for planning the activities within the timelines as recommended for treatment. Contributing Factors that can Prevent Successful Treatment for Australian Indigenous Communities The physical, neurobehavioral, and developmental features with the FASD are rarely apparent at birth unless there are facial growth factors related to the disorder are observed and may be difficult to notice until the child attains the school age when learning and behavioral difficulties become problematic (Mutch, Watkins, Bower, 2015). In their study, Kavanagh and Payne (2014) also denotes that there is often unrecognized impairments f the brain with primary symptoms that often cause misunderstanding by those in authority who cast laziness or defiant behavior to individuals living with FASD. In the effort of trying to meet unrealistic expectations, the individual often develops secondary defensive behaviors that are then paradoxically used to label and stereotype the affected individuals based on the observed behaviors. Being an invisible disability, FASD often goes undetected and can often be ignored, overlooked, or attributed to other non-genetic conditions, a factor that brings challenges to the process of management and treatment of the disorder according to Doney et al. (2016). Other challenges are often caused by blaming them on poor parenting and unhealthy post birth environments that predispose the children to other infections. There is also a lack of proper understanding by the community providers towards FASD since the service provisions and assessments are often evidence based on the behavior of the incapability of the affected individuals. According to Latimer et al. (2015), problem behavior presentations, as well as the absence of biomarkers, often result in assumptions concerning the individuals that are often unfair instead of being helpful. It hence means that most of the community healthcare providers within the Australian Indigenous population do not have a clear understanding that FASD is a physical brain-based disorder with symptomatic behaviors to the brain, an aspect that prevents successful treatment. Ramifications in Case of PoorManagement of FASD When poorly managed in an individual, there are both primary and secondary conditions that can last a lifetime depending on the amount of alcohol exposure during pregnancy according to Mutch, Watkins, and Bower (2015). The primary conditions that can be observed in an individual include impulsiveness, memory lapse, learning difficulties, difficulties in relating actions to different consequences, delays in the development of a child, and even damage to major organs in the body such as the kidney. Freckelton (2016) also denotes that the unfairness they face reinforces the invisibility of their brain-based conditions hence perpetuating their sense of failure to believe that they cant do rather than they wont do. As a result, other tertiary conditions are likely to occur due to the failure in meeting the expectations while developing defensive behavioral mechanisms. The tertiary conditions likely to be faced by such individuals include sexual victimization, early and unplanned parenthoo d, economic and family dependence, incomplete education, alcohol and other drug abuse, and involvement in criminal justice systems. Conclusion Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders is a serious challenge among the Australian Indigenous communities who still struggle with the challenge of drug and substance abuse and the related effects to the society. Like any other physical disability condition, FASD is a physical brain-based disorder that requires environmental accommodation so as to help the affected individuals view life positively. With early neurobehavioral interventions and a correct diagnosis as well as appropriate parental support and care in early stages of childhood, the quality of life and learning outcomes for individuals suffering from FASD can vastly improve. References Abbs, P. (2015). Widening the gap: The gulf between policy rhetoric and implementation reality in addressing alcohol problems among Indigenous Australians.Drug Alcohol Review,34(5), 461-466. doi:10.1111/dar.12299 Burns, L., Breen, C., Bower, C., O' Leary, C., Elliott, E. J. (2013). Counting Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder in Australia: The evidence and the challenges.Drug Alcohol Review,32(5), 461-467. Doney, R. r., Lucas, B. b., Watkins, R. r., Tsang, T. t., Sauer, K. k., Howat, P. p., ... Elliott, E. e. (2016). Visual-motor integration, visual perception, and fine motor coordination in a population of children with high levels of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder.Research In Developmental Disabilities,55346-357. Fitzpatrick, J. P., Latimer, J., Ferreira, M. L., Carter, M., Oscar, J., Martiniuk, A. C., ... Elliott, E. J. (2015). Prevalence and patterns of alcohol use in pregnancy in remote Western Australian communities: The Lililwan.Drug Alcohol Review,34(3), 329-339. Freckelton, I. Q. (2016). Sentencing Offenders with Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD): The Challenge of Effective Management.Psychiatry, Psychology Law,23(6), 815-825. doi:10.1080/13218719.2016.1258752 Kavanagh, P. S., Payne, J. S. (2014). Education, safe drinking practices and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder in the Kimberley region of Western Australia.Journal Of Paediatrics Child Health,50(9), 701-706. doi:10.1111/jpc.12615 Latimer, J., Carter, M., Oscar, J., Ferreira, M. L., Carmichael Olson, H., ... Elliott, E. J. (2015). Prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome in a population-based sample of children living in remote Australia: The Lililwan.Journal Of Paediatrics Child Health,51(4), 450-457. doi:10.1111/jpc.12814 Mutch, R. C., Watkins, R., Bower, C. (2015). Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: Notifications to the Western Australian Register of Developmental Anomalies.Journal Of Paediatrics Child Health,51(4), 433-436. doi:10.1111/jpc.12746 Salmon, A. (2011). Aboriginal mothering, FASD prevention and the contestations of neoliberal citizenship.Critical Public Health,21(2), 165-178. doi:10.1080/09581596.2010.530643

The different aspects of Love Essay Example

The different aspects of Love Essay romeo and juliet was written for an Elizabethan audience in the late 16th century. Romeo and Juliet is a play about the different kinds of love yet there was a lot of cruelty and violence in the play with the problems and pleasures of friends and family. It is a tragedy play and only through their deaths can the conflict and enmity of the families be resolved. This shows how destiny and fate can change even the best of intentions within a short amount of time (five days). However, a critic of the play on the internet stated that Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare was not a love story as he felt a love story happened over a long period of time unlike five days in Romeo and Juliet and he also believed that the play was based more on violence. He said You do not fall in love with someone and get married in a few days, it was not love it was lust. He also stated that over half of the play is based on killing and was related to violence in some way or another. We will write a custom essay sample on The different aspects of Love specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The different aspects of Love specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The different aspects of Love specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer But there is no doubt that in the play different aspects of love namely courtly/petrachan, sexual, dutiful and true love are displayed. There is a element of sexual love at the start of the play as Sampson and Gregory banter regarding women and how they are only made to give pleasure to males like themselves. Sampson states I will push Montagues men from the wall, and thrust his maids to the wall. This shows that males were dominant (patriarchal) in those days compared to females and had the right to use them for gratification and for enjoyment whenever they wanted to. It also shows how badly women were treated in those times as only tools for pleasure and enjoyment to selfish, thoughtless and uncivilised men. After that the nurse also makes sexual references in the play. In Act 1 scene 3 she states A bump as big as a young cockrels stone. In this quotation she refers to the testicles of a male as she talks about marriage to Juliet and what it involves like sexual intercourse. This reflects the saucy nature of the nurse. In the next scene(Act 1 scene 4) Mercutio also refers to sexual love when speaking to Romeo. He said If love be rough with you, be right with love. Prick love for pricking, and you beat love down. This means that you should get your own back on love and only then will you defeat it; stimulate love into action, and you will deflate desire. In addition, portions and segments of courtly/Petrachan love are displayed in the play. This type of love occurs in the first act and is directed towards Romeo. He is obsessed with his first love whose name is Rosaline with superficial and artificial love. In Act 1 scene 1 Romeo describes his love for Rosaline and how beautiful she is. He said For beauty starved with her severity, cuts beauty off from all posterity. This shows that Romeo is infatuated with Rosaline and would do anything to be with her forever. However, later on in the play we find out that it was never reciprocal meaning that Rosaline never loved him in return. This causes chaos and depression for Romeo as his love is unrequited. He shows his depression by saying why, such is loves transgression: griefs of mine own lie heavy in my breast, which thou wilt propagate to have it pressd with more of thine; this love that thou hast shown doth add more grief to too much of mine own. However, Romeo fell in love straight away when he first saw Juliet and forgot about Rosaline ever since. In Act 2 Scene 3 Romeo tells Friar Lawrence about Juliet being the girl he loved now and how Rosaline is out of his life. He happily stated With Rosaline, my ghostly father? No; I have forgot that name, and that names woe. This shows that Romeo had forgotten about Rosaline and was not truly in love with her. It also showed that he was in love with the idea of love rather than the person. He described Rosaline as chaos and heaviness and describes Ju liet as brightness and light in oxymorons. He uses religious language which shows devotion and worship towards to Juliet. As well as courtly love, true love between Romeo and Juliet is displayed in the play. They first meet when Romeo and a few of his friends arrive at the Capulet ball as Romeo wanted to see Rosaline even though they are Montagues (sworn enemies of the Capulets) and they were not invited to the extravagant ball which was designed for Capulets only (Act 1 scene 5). As Romeo enters in to the ballroom he gazes upon Juliet and slowly afterwards Juliet sees Romeo and they both fall in love at first sight. Romeo then described how he felt after looking at Juliet. He said O she doth teach the torches to burn bright! It seems she hangs upon the cheek of night as a rich jewel in an Ethiops car, this shows that Romeo feels that Juliet is the greatest thing on earth and it also shows genuine love at first sight between these two. He also says Did my heart love till now? forswear it, sight! For I neer saw true beauty till this night. This proves that Romeo is truly in love with Juliet unlike his su perficial feelings for Rosaline as he began feeling depressed with her and had different feeling to her compared with Juliet. However, this love between Romeo and Juliet endures into death. Neither can bear the thought of life without the other. Finally, the last type of love displayed in Romeo and Juliet is family and dutiful love. The love Paris has for Juliet is dutiful love. In Act 1 scene 2 Paris asked Lord Capulet (Juliets father) if he could marry Juliet. He asked Lord Capulet that But now my lord, what say you to my suit? This shows that Paris is keen to marry Juliet and no one. He does not know a great deal about her so we get the impression that he is marrying her for her name and title. Capulet initially objects due to the age of her daughter and then asks Paris to attract her attention at the Capulet ball. He said My child is yet a stranger in the world She hath not seen the change of fourteen years. This shows that Lord Capulet thinks that Juliet is not ready to get married and needs more time to mature. As well as Pariss love for Juliet the love between father and daughter was also dutiful love. Capulet wants Juliet to marry Paris in an arranged marriage so that she can take her mind off Tybalts death. He does this out of his love for Juliet. However, as Juliet refuses to marry Paris Lord Capulet shows his violent aggression towards Juliet. In Act 3 Scene 5 he says, Disobedient wretch! I tell thee what. Get thee to church on Thursday or never after look me in the face. It showed me that he becomes agitated when he knows Juliet is not doing what he feels is best for her. The Nurse also expresses family love to Juliet. It is part of the nurses duty to look after Juliet and with that duty she expresses her love to Juliet. In the end of Act 1 Scene 3 the nurse shows her love for Juliet by saying Go, girl, seek happy nights to happy days. This shows that the nurse truly cares about Juliet and her future. Tybalt also shows this type of love for family honour. In Act 1 Scene 5 he witnesses Romeo, a Montague entering a Capulet Ball. He says It fits when such a villain is a guest: I will not endure him. This shows that Tybalt was offended as a montague entered a Capulet Ball without permission. He feels family honour deeply and wants to defend it, hence the fight between him and Romeo. In Conclusion, there are many different types of love occurring throughout the play Romeo and Juliet. The sexual love shown by Sampson, Gregory, the Nurse and Mercutio. The courtly/petrachan love Romeo had for Rosaline. The family/dutiful love Paris has for Juliet and the true love between the star crossed lovers in Romeo and Juliet. In all of Shakespeares tragedies. Conflict can only be resolved by the death of the protagonists which are Romeo and Juliet. It was definitely a famous and enduring love story set against the backdrop of violence. Shakespeares message is that true love can overcome any problems and obstacles in any situation of life. This message is often repeated in Shakespeares other poems and sonnets.