Tuesday, August 25, 2020

Great Wilderness Debate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Extraordinary Wilderness Debate - Essay Example Others accept it as a social accept that a wild is a territory that has been undermined by development and advancement and paying little heed to what should be possible the land can't show any positive development (Callicott and Nelson 6). The current biodiversity put aside a choice to protect the land from annihilation and the partition of individuals from nature in a roundabout way propose the creation that fills in for instance of wild thought. This subject of wild has pulled in the vast majority of the ecological rationalists and the network everywhere that honestly accepted that the wild is a characteristic sacred calm spot. To recognize ferocity and wild, we can make an image of something that may happen or can be conceivable later on by possessing nature emblematically. Cronon attempts to give and separate wild from ferocity by characterizing it as the main safeguarding on the planet (Cronon 7). His thought requires an attentive report since it is more worry with the productio n of human societies and development on the planet we are living in. Human progress then again should be possible in a way that will forestall defilement of the excellent condition instead of basing the plan to societies and chronicled suppositions. We can figure out how to acknowledge and protect the little and whimsical parcels that encompass us and have the option to ration and keep up the excellence of the ferocity (Callicott and Nelson 541). Taking a case of a tree in a nursery and the other one out of an antiquated spot, we obviously observe the significance of esteeming the two trees in light of the fact that by doing so we esteem them as well as even respect the significance of saving our condition. It is acceptable to respect any wild paying little heed to its physical position in light of the fact that a tree isn't less wild when it is in the nursery than it is in the old spot. We should contemplate the way that the tree in the wild and that in the nursery require similar elements for them to develop and duplicate and furthermore regard the nature. We are to arrange a living being as wild or manageable as indicated by its unique situation and not by its constitution or position in order to make reference to the differentiation among regular and fake events (Aitken 5). The conviction that wild is a virgin unadulterated possessed land must be saved and recovery of the grounds be done in the correct way of monitoring the whole land not really the wild. Wild existed before human refinement extended and will keep on existing long after the way of life have stopped to exist and the network ought to embrace and acknowledge to live with these changes. The human-condition communication has subdued the land in an opposite way that has impacted and changed the presence of the wild by individuals attempting to secure their needs without surrendering authority of the land that could be harmed commonly. The simple nearness of things done by individuals doesn't den y the official condition of wild since a wild exists in situations that normally work with exceptionally insignificant human obstruction. We ought to give a protected and thinking about the advantages of every single natural framework and the universe in general in order to make a dynamic and accommodating human-wild connection. Protection tips

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Seeing As Being Prepared To See Philosophy Essay

Seeing As Being Prepared To See Philosophy Essay Ralph Waldo Emerson says apropos: People just observe what they are set up to seeâ [1]â . It implies that individuals will just consider thing to be they need it to be. Then again, it basically implies that we consider things to be we are. For what reason would we be able to consider things to be they are rather as we may be? Along these lines, how might we be certain that what we see presently is how it should be? The reasons of why this happened in light of the methods of knowing. There are four different ways of realizing that can deluded our seeing and comprehension of the things which are discernment, reason, feeling and language. In any case, anyway without them, we can't make information on the real world and truth since cerebrum doesn't have an immediate contact to this present reality. It is some way or another these methods of knowing do assist us with seeing and comprehend things as they are nevertheless just partially. Hence, in this exposition, I plan to examine to wha t degree we see and comprehend things not as they are yet as we seem to be. Language is a regular code of images that permits a sender to figure a message that can be comprehended by a collector. How we see things is unequivocally affected by our language and our seeing additionally makes effect on our reasoning. In this way, our reasoning can't be isolated from our language and even we could state that our language restricts our reasoning. As per the Linguistic Relativity Theory, a people nature language decides the way the individual thinks and sees the world which likewise can beguile the intelligencesâ [2]â . One model is unbounded monkey hypothesis. This hypothesis expresses that a monkey hitting keys aimlessly on a typewriter console for a vast measure of time will definitely type an especially picked book, for example, the total works of William Shakespeareâ [3]â . Individuals consistently misjudge by the genuine importance of this hypothesis (by etymological and observation). With the image of the chimpanzee composing a typewriter will make individuals see and worth it as a craftsmanship. Individuals may have imagined that the image of the chimpanzee is equivalent to the Cassius Marcellus Coolidges work of his compositions in the pooches playing pokerâ [4]â genre. In any case, the fact of the matter is the image and the hypothesis is about Mathematics that shows the risks of thinking about vastness by deduction a tremendous yet limited number and the other way around From the unique circumstance, the expressions of definitely is a numerical term with exact importance and the monkey isn't a real monkey however it is an analogy for a theoretical gadgets that delivers an arbitrary groupings of letters ceaselessly. From the start we truly observe it not as the hypothesis yet rather as the craft of the monkey. It is on the grounds that the feeling of our sight which is observation and the language give us bogus thought of what the hypothesis truly is. Henceforth, the language itself will restrict our seeing and understanding things not as they are however as we may be. Except if we as of now learn about the hypothesis in advance, we will recognize what the image of chimpanzee and the setting of the sentence of the hypothesis are attempting to pass on the significance. In this way, we will consider the to be for what it's worth yet not as we seem to be. This infers numerous words have no evident significance; rather they have such huge numbers of various implications which must be acknowledged in setting. Along these lines, we should know about the genuine importance to have the option to utilize a word precisely in light of the fact that word can mean such a large number of things in such huge numbers of circumstances that expect us to see it dependent on our insight and encounters which are frequently being constrained by our faculties. Along these lines, one must comprehend the specific circumstance, or foundation, in which a word is utilized to have a grip on the significance of the word itself. Understanding the setting of a word is close to as significant as a comprehension of the word itself, as the circumstance controls to a degree how the word will be used.The result would be language which is undeniably increasingly clear, exact, and less deceptive, or entrancing. At the point when language liberated from most issues it would make it a significantly more prominent device and growing better understanding and information through this correspondence, at last it would assist us with seeing things as they seem to be. Proceeding onward to science, I accept there is consistently another worldview to it because of researchers consider things to be (we are) the place guess they ought to have consider things to be they are. For what reason does worldview changes every once in a while? Does worldview happen as a result of we (researchers) see and comprehend things not as they are yet as we may be (researchers)? As per the student of history of science, Thomas Kuhn, worldview is the word alludes to the arrangement of practices that characterizes a logical order at a specific time of time. [5] In different words, researchers have consistently work dependent on their worldview which is a typical study of that specific academic network. Typical science is a suspicion (may be hoodwinked by the observation, feeling and thinking) that mainstream researchers comprehends what the world resembles. Along these lines, researchers will alter and change their worldview if adulterations become clear however relia bly remain inside it. Inevitably, there comes a moment that new perceptions are not, at this point perfect with the current ideal models. From here the transformation happens and new worldview will supplant the bygone one. This is going on in light of the fact that the worldview itself is a human build and all the logical perceptions are made by utilizing our human detects, human insights and human levelheadedness which the methods of knowing are vital in these procedures. In any case, these methods of knowing (recognition, feeling, language and thinking) that exist among researchers can confine their abilities to consider things to be they are. In this way, researchers will consistently occur with new thoughts, suspicions and hypothesis that cause the changes of the worldview. To additionally up, as indicated by Kuhns book, The Structure of Scientific Revolutionsâ [6]â , he said that the view of the world relies upon how the percipient imagines the reality where two researchers who witness a similar wonder and are saturated with two profoundly various hypotheses will see two distinct things. One of the models is the thoughts of the Charles Darwin and Abbot Gregor Johann Mendel about the acquired qualities from two guardians into their childâ [7]â . Darwin recommended that the qualities of the mother and father were mixed to create a youngster who seems to be like both. Abbot Gregor Johann Mendel created hypotheses more than seven years by examining and testing pea plants. During the 1930s, the Mendels guesses, The Law of Segregation and the Law of Independent Assortment were discovered right after the hereditary qualities and examination into acquiring attributes started to be researched. Then again, Darwins theories of the mixing hypothesis just invad ed into the principal posterity of two guardians however not with the attributes which Darwin couldn't clarify, yet Mendel did. This shows the two researchers have two distinct hypotheses on a similar marvel on account of the observation, feeling and thinking are diverse to one another. In any case, this worldview couldn't be a promising later on since worldview continually changing dependent on person perceptions and suspicions that are predominantly seize by our methods of knowing. The main rule is that you should not trick yourself and you are the most effortless individual to trick.  (Richard Feynman, American hypothetical physicist, 1918-1988)â [8]â Despite the fact that sciences consistently give us the zones of vulnerability, however without sciences we would not have the option to know the world. We were unable to consider the to be as they are without the presence of science. Whatever insufficiencies as a method of-realizing science may have are deficiencies brought about by the way that it is a human build yet its absolutely impossible of-knowing made by people will ever be completely dependable, altogether exact, and totally objective. The manner in which we build up our logical information, science as a method of-knowing is down to business. Therefore, it must be consider as solid, exact and objective. Then again, there is a researcher who models their case on science in light of current circumstances. It likewise can be the most dependable method of-knowing and be the best advocated genuine conviction on the off chance that we are restricting our own method of-knowing to the physical and world around us. Without our ackn owledgment, there is a flat out method of-knowing where avocation is totally autonomous of perception. In addition, there is likewise a perception that requires our support that dependent on our method of-knowing exclusively. Subsequently, what we see and comprehend may needn't bother with us to consider them to be they are yet as we may be. Taking everything into account, we do consider things to be we are however not as they are nevertheless just partially. All the subject matters will assist us with seeing and comprehend things more as they are yet not as we seem to be. In spite of the fact that there is some part that we as a human are not equipped for seeing and understanding the thing as they are since our methods of information can be beguiling however we can be guided by any hypotheses in Mathematics and Sciences. Not just that, with the creating advances we will in the long run observe and understanding things as they are and we can console our confidence on the planet.

Thursday, August 6, 2020

Carter, Jimmy

Carter, Jimmy Carter, Jimmy (James Earl Carter, Jr.), 1924â€", 39th President of the United States (1977â€"81), b. Plains, Ga, grad. Annapolis, 1946. Carter served in the navy, where he worked with Admiral Hyman G. Rickover in developing the nuclear submarine program. Resigning his commission (1953) after his father's death, he ran his family's peanut farm, which he built into a prosperous business. In 1962 he was elected as a Democrat to the first of two terms in the Georgia Senate. He ran unsuccessfully for governor in 1966, then succeeded in 1970, replacing Lester Maddox . As governor (1971â€"75), Carter proclaimed that the time had come to end racial discrimination and formed alliances with such civil-rights leaders as Andrew Young . This focus on social justice, informed in part by his religious beliefs, remained a significant part of his subsequent political and postpolitical career. Although little known outside Georgia, Carter announced that he would run for president at the end of his gubernatorial term, and through sustained and diligent campaigning won the 1976 Democratic presidential nomination. With Minnesota Senator Walter F. Mondale as his running mate, Carter defeated incumbent President Gerald R. Ford . Carter substantially increased the responsibilities of the vice president during his administration, helping to establish modern vice presidency, which historically had been an often marginal office. But Carter never established good relations with Congress and, with Republican successes in the 1978 midterm elections, his difficulties increased. In foreign policy, Carter had some initial success. He secured congressional ratificationâ€"by a single vote after extended and rancorous debateâ€"of his two Panama Canal treaties (1977), establishing a timetable for passing control of the canal to Panama. Then, in 1979, at the presidential retreat at Camp David, Maryland, Carter personally persuaded Anwar al- Sadat of Egypt and Menachem Begin of Isra el to sign the first peace treaty between Israel and an Arab state (see Camp David accords ). Although he and Leonid Brezhnev signed the Salt II treaty (see disarmament, nuclear ), it had uncertain chances for Senate ratification, and Carter shelved the treaty in Jan., 1980, as a result of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan (see Afghanistan War ). When the USSR refused to withdraw, Carter also initiated a trade embargo and a boycott of the 1980 Moscow Summer Olympic Games. In the last year of his administration, Carter's foreign policy was overshadowed by the Iran hostage crisis , in which Iranian students invaded the U.S. embassy in Tehran, taking 55 hostages. When attempts to negotiate their release failed, Carter authorized a military rescue mission in Apr., 1980, that failed ignominiously. Domestically, Carter had difficulties controlling inflation, which rose in each year of his administrationâ€"in part because of oil price increases after the Iranian revolution. The Federal Reserve Board's drastic remedies for curtailing inflation, undertaken under the leadership of Paul Volcker , who was appointed by Carter, led to interest rates of more than 20% by 1980. During Carter's tenure the cabinet departments of Education and Energy were established, and a general policy of government deregulation in energy and interstate transportation was pursued. Inflation and the unresolved hostage crisis put Carter in a weak position as the 1980 presidential election campaign began. He won the Democratic nomination only after a bitter challenge from Sen. Edward Kennedy . In the general election he was decisively defeated by Ronald Reagan . Since leaving office, Carter has been active in international human-rights efforts, often as an observer of first-time free elections. He has served as an international mediator in North Korea, Haiti, Bosnia, Venezuela, and elsewhere, and has worked to focus world attention on epidemics in Africa, focusing special attentio n on eradicating guinea worm disease and river blindness. He made a highly publicized trip to Cuba in May, 2002, becoming the most prominent American to visit the nation since Castro came to power. The Carter Center in Atlanta, founded in 1986, became an important arena for the discussion of international affairs. Carter also has been deeply involved with Habitat for Humanity, a nonprofit organization that helps working-class people in North America and abroad build and finance new homes. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2002 for his efforts to advance peace, democracy, human rights, and economic and social development. Jimmy Carter married Rosalynn Smith in 1946; they have four children. During his term of office Carter published Why Not the Best? (1975) and A Government as Good as Its People (1977). After it, he wrote more than 25 works of poetry and nonfiction, including The Blood of Abraham (1985); Everything to Gain (1987, written with his wife Rosalynn); Turn ing Point (1992); The Hornet's Nest (2003), a novel set in the South during the Revolutionary War; Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid (2006), which some criticized as one-sided and anti-Israeli; and A Call to Action (2014), a plea for women's rights. See his memoirs, Keeping Faith (1982) and An Hour before Daylight (2001) and his White House Diary (2010); biographies by J. E. Zelizer (2010) and R. Ballmer (2014); J. Wooten, Dasher: The Roots and the Rising of Jimmy Carter (1978); E. C. Hargrove, Jimmy Carter as President (1988); P. G. Bourne, Jimmy Carter (1997); D. Brinkley, The Unfinished Presidency (1998); B. Glad, An Outsider in the White House (2009); E. S. Godbold, Jr., Jimmy Rosalynn Carter: The Georgia Years, 1924â€"1974 (2010); J. B. Flippen, Jimmy Carter, the Politics of Family, and the Rise of the Religious Right (2011). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

Saturday, May 23, 2020

Essay about Teaching Philosophy - 2016 Words

Teaching Philosophy God I love music. I love everything about music. I love playing music, singing music, dancing to music. Most of all, I love listening to music. Have you ever listened to music? I mean really, really listened? I love when you hear a song for the first time and it sends chills up your spine. I love even more when you hear a song for the hundredth time and it suddenly gives you chills like never before. But there are two ways of listening to music. You can hear a song as one whole entity and have it make you feel so good that you want to repeat it thousands of times. Or you can hear each part of a song for what it’s worth; the lyrics, the melody, the solo, the bass line, etc., and appreciate the integration†¦show more content†¦But, I never even thought about it until my junior year of college. In fact, during high school the only thing that appealed to me about teaching was having my summers off (kind of a no-brainer when you live by the beach). However, in this money driven world, there has to be something personally appealing about the teaching profession for someone to go to school for five and a half years to become one. For me, it was three major experiences in my life that not only pointed me in the teaching direction, but helped me create a philosophy I live and teach by. The first occurred during my third year of high school. Growing up in an area that is mostly middle and upper class, the school pushed students to prepare for college by taking as many advanced classes as possible; all honors classes, extra foreign languages, no lunch or study hall, etc. The competition among my classmates was high, with everyone struggling to get the best grades and keeping the highest class ranks. My education consisted mostly of memorization for the tests through last minute cramming. My junior year I decided to take a few electives in sociology, psychology and ethics, all of which were taught by the same teacher. 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Some teachers may come in each day justRead MoreMy Original Teaching Philosophy Statement946 Words   |  4 PagesI honestly would not make any changes to my original teaching philosophy statement because I believe that after reading through the entire phycology book, the things I read only supported the things I stated in my philosophy statement. When writing my philosophy statement I had not taken any previous education classes to aid my original teaching philosophy but I have been working with kids my entire life and so I have seen first hand what things work with children and what does not. This does notRead MoreTeaching And Coaching As A Philosophy2275 Words   |  10 PagesA philosophy can be defined as ‘a set of values and behaviours that serve to guide the actions of a coach’ (Wilcox and Trudel, 1998, p.41). By drawing from all facets of a person’s life, each is specific to the learner and distinguishes teachers and coaches from one another. It can be consciously developed as the professional, teacher/coach and student within education is exposed to a practice as well as other life experiences. It is believed that ‘clearly articulating one’s philosophy is a prerequisiteRead MoreThe Statement Of Teaching Philosophy1775 Words   |  8 PagesMy Philosophy Introduction â€Å"The statement of teaching philosophy (also called the teaching statement or teaching philosophy statement) promotes reflective practice by encouraging instructors to describe their teaching methods, to justify why they use those methods, to analyze the effectiveness of those methods, and to consider how they might appropriately modify those methods in future courses.† (Schà ¶nwetter et al., 2002) Stake holder motivation, engagement, cognitive associations, and personalRead MorePlato s Teachings Of Philosophy1487 Words   |  6 Pagesdistinguished philosophers. Although Plato’s teachings are not universally agreed upon, virtually anyone can agree that that he was a brilliant thinker and spurred many thoughts and beliefs that are carried into today’s teachings of philosophy. While the precise relationship of Plato and Socrates remains a heated disagreement among scholars, Plato states that he was, in fact, a devoted follower of Socrates. Plato was highly influenced by Socrates’ teachings and highly disturbed by his execution, eventually

Tuesday, May 12, 2020

A History of Bow and Arrow Technology

Bow and arrow hunting (or archery) is a technology first developed by early modern humans in Africa, perhaps as long as 71,000 years ago. Archaeological evidence shows that the technology was certainly used by humans during the Howiesons Poort phase of Middle Stone Age Africa, between 37,000 and 65,000 years ago; recent evidence at South Africas Pinnacle Point cave tentatively pushes the initial use back to 71,000 years ago. However, there is no evidence that the bow and arrow technology was used by people who migrated out of Africa until the Late Upper Paleolithic or Terminal Pleistocene, at most 15,000-20,000 years ago. The oldest surviving organic elements of bows and arrows only date to the Early Holocene of about 11,000 years ago. Africa: Middle Stone Age, 71,000 years ago.Europe and Western Asia: Late Upper Paleolithic, although there are no UP rock art paintings of archers and the oldest arrow shafts date to the Early Holocene, 10,500 BP; the earliest bows in Europe are from the bog site of Stellmor in Germany, where 11,000 years ago someone lost a pine arrow shaft with nocks in the end.Japan / Northeast Asia: Terminal Pleistocene.North / South America: Terminal Pleistocene. Making a Bow and Arrow Set Based on modern-day San Bushmen bow-and-arrow manufacture, existing bows and arrows curated in South African museums as well as archaeological evidence for Sibudu Cave, Klasies River Cave, and Umhlatuzana Rockshelter in South Africa, Lombard and Haidle (2012) operationalized the basic process of making a bow and arrows. To make a bow and a set of arrows, the archer needs stone tools (scrapers, axes, woodworking adzes, hammerstones, tools for straightening and smoothing wooden shafts, flint for making fire), a container (ostrich eggshell in South Africa) for carrying water, ochre mixed with resin, pitch, or tree gum for adhesives, fire for blending and setting the adhesives, tree saplings, hardwood and reeds for the bow stave and arrow shafts, and animal sinew and plant fiber for binding material. The technology for making a bow stave is close to that of making a wooden spear (first made by Homo heidelbergensis more than 300,000 years ago); but the differences are that instead of straightening a wooden lance, the archer needs to bend the bow stave, string the bow, and treat the stave with adhesives and fat to prevent splitting and cracking. How Does It Compare to Other Hunting Technologies? From a modern standpoint, the bow and arrow technology  is definitely a leap forward from lance and atlatl (spear thrower) technology. Lance technology involves a long spear which is used to thrust at prey. An atlatl is a separate piece of bone, wood or ivory, that acts as a lever to increase the power and speed of a throw: arguably, a leather strap attached to the end of a lance spear might be a technology between the two. But bow and arrow technology has a number of technological advantages over lances and atlatls. Arrows are longer-range weapons, and the archer needs less space. To fire off an atlatl successfully, the hunter needs to stand in big open spaces and be highly visible to his/her prey; arrow hunters can hide behind bushes and shoot from a kneeling position. Atlatls and spears are limited in their repeatability: a hunter can carry one spear and maybe as many as three darts for an atlatl, but a quiver of arrows can include a dozen or more shots. To Adopt or Not to Adopt Archaeological and ethnographic evidence suggests that these technologies were rarely mutually exclusive—groups combined spears and atlatls and bows and arrows with nets, harpoons, deadfall traps, mass-kill kites, and buffalo jumps, and many other strategies as well. People vary their hunting strategies based on the prey being sought, whether it is big and dangerous or wily and elusive or marine, terrestrial or airborne in nature. The adoption of new technologies can profoundly affect the way a society is constructed or behaves. Perhaps the most important difference is that lance and atlatl hunting are group events, collaborative processes that are successful only if they include a number of family and clan members. In contrast, bow and arrow hunting can be achieved with just one or two individuals. Groups hunt for the group; individuals for the individual families. That is a profound social change, affecting almost every aspect of life including who you marry, how big is your group, and how status is conveyed. One issue that might also have affected the adoption of the technology may be that bow and arrow hunting simply has a longer training period than atlatl hunting. Brigid Grund (2017) examined records from modern competitions for atlatl (Atlatl Association International Standard Accuracy Contest) and archery (Society for Creative Anachronism InterKingdom Archery Competition). She discovered an individuals atlatl scores increase steadily, showing improvement in skill within the first few years. Bow hunters, however, do not begin to approach maximum skill until the fourth or fifth year of competition. The Great Technology Shift There is much to be understood in the processes of how technology changed and indeed which technology came first. The earliest atlatl we have dates to the Upper Paleolithic, only 20,000 years ago: the South African evidence is quite clear that bow and arrow hunting is much older still. But archaeological evidence being what it is, we still dont really know the complete answer about the dates of hunting technologies and we may never have a better definition of when the inventions occurred than at least as early as. People adapt to technologies for reasons other than just because something is new or shiny. Every new technology is characterized by its own costs and benefits for the task at hand. Archaeologist Michael B. Schiffer referred to this as application space: that the level of adoption of a new technology depends on the number and variety of tasks that it could be used on, and which it is best suited to. Old technologies are rarely completely obsoleted, and the transition period can be very long indeed. Sources Angelbeck B, and Cameron I. 2014. The Faustian bargain of technological change: Evaluating the socioeconomic effects of the bow and arrow transition in the Coast Salish past. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 36:93-109.Bradfield J. 2012. Macrofractures on bone-tipped arrows: analysis of hunter-gatherer arrows in the Fourie collection from Namibia. Antiquity 86(334):1179-1191. Brown KS, Marean CW, Jacobs Z, Schoville BJ, Oestmo S, Fisher EC, Bernatchez J, Karkanas P, and Matthews T. 2012. An early and enduring advanced technology originating 71,000 years ago in South Africa. Nature 491(7425):590-593.Callanan M. 2013. Melting snow patches reveal Neolithic archery. Antiquity 87(337):728-745.Coolidge FL, Haidle MN, Lombard M, and Wynn T. 2016. Bridging theory and bow hunting: human cognitive evolution and archaeology. Antiquity 90(349):219-228.Erlandson J, Watts J, and Jew N. 2014. Darts, Arrows, and Archaeologists: Distinguishing Dart and Arrow Points in the Archaeological Record. American Antiquity 79(1):162-169.Grund BS. 2017. Behavioral Ecology, Technology, and the Organization of Labor: How a Shift from Spear Thrower to Self Bow Exacerbates Social Disparities. American Anthropologist 119(1):104-119.Kennett DJ, Lambert PM, Johnson JR, and Culleton BJ. 2013. Sociopolitical Effects of Bow and Arrow Technology in Prehistoric Coastal California. Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews 22(3):124-132.Lombard M, and Haidle MN. 2012. Thinking a Bow-and-arrow Set: Cognitive Implications of Middle Stone Age Bow and Stone-tipped Arrow Technology. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 22(02):237-264.Lombard M, and Phillipson L. 2010. Indications of bow and stone-tipped arrow use 64,000 years ago in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Antiquity 84(325):635–648.Whittaker JC. 2016. Levers, Not Springs: How a Spearthrower Works and Why It Matters. In: Iovita R, and Sano K, editors. Multidisciplinary Approaches to the Study of Stone Age Weaponry. Dordrecht: Springe r Netherlands. p 65-74.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Music the ultimate mood fix Free Essays

Just Like a roller-coaster there are ups and downs. Sometimes this can be overwhelming. We all need a safe zone, that place where we go when we need comfort, motivation, or Just some company. We will write a custom essay sample on Music the ultimate mood fix or any similar topic only for you Order Now For many of us, that safe zone is music. To get further insight into how music affects people, we invited members of the public to share their experiences and the variety of ways music plays Into their dally lives and mood. Certain songs make you ponder over what kind of person you want o be, type of role or purpose you have In this world, or what kind of an effect you have on others around you,† said Prohibit Kuris, a 22-year-old college student reflecting on the self-analyzing effects of music. Speaking on her deep dependence on music, 26-year-old HRS executive, Invasion, had this to say, â€Å"You may have heard people say that they cannot live without music. However, when I say that It Is Impossible for me to live without music, I truly mean It! According to Nava, â€Å"Classical and instrumental music allows me to truly immerse myself in tradition and pulls me into the vibe and mood that the song is projecting allowing me to escape the pressures of daily life,† sh e said. â€Å"Music definitely impacts my mood. Some people allow their music to dictate their mood, like listening to sad songs and then becoming sadder because of it. While for others, their mood determines their music, choosing a happy song to suit their happy mood. As for me, personally my music follows my mood,† said Shown Were, a 25-year-old PR Manager. Commenting on the inherent ability of music to change moods, Useful Suzan, a 24- year-old student said, ‘For me whenever I am stressed and rushing to complete an assignment on time, I always turn to ballads and love songs as it helps me relax and focus. † â€Å"I’m addicted to music! No matter what, I always find ways to satisfy my craving. If I go too long without music I tend to get depressed,† said Hafiz Gaffer, a 21 -year-old student. In line with her energetic lifestyle, Hafiz says she only listens to up-tempo Ran and dance music, â€Å"My music must suit my life. I’m happy-go-lucky and always on the go, so my music must be the same. † Going against the grain however, George Kong, a 19-year-old Engineering student said, â€Å"For me personally, USIA has no effect on my mood. If I am happy, I’m happy and if I’m sad, I’m sad; music doesn’t have any impact on it. † Seeking a historical perspective, we spoke to Kola’ Rant, a 42-year-old music teacher. Historically speaking, music has always been Intrinsically connected to emotions. Many of my students have varying tastes In music but the one thing that remains the same is that music holds a deep emotional connection to them,† she said. â€Å"Music psychology is a recognized and very much growing field of psychology. From what I know, every human being possesses a base deed to connect to something and musi c is one simple outlet for connection that we have. That Is why so many of us turn to music to satisfy ourselves In times of depression or frustration,† said Mark Km a psychology lecturer speaking on why Shown said, â€Å"Music is the soundtrack of your life, no matter if you are feeling depressed or ecstatic, music is what we all turn to. † Through these opinions it is clear that while people have different taste in music, the one thing that they all have in common is that music plays a vital part in each and every one of their lives whether they are feeling happy or sad. 2 3 4 How to cite Music the ultimate mood fix, Papers

Friday, May 1, 2020

A lEsson Befor dying Essay Example For Students

A lEsson Befor dying Essay A Lesson Before DyingFor my final book review I read the novel A Lesson Before Dying By Ernest J. Gains. The book took place in the 1940 right after the great depression. A society stricken by poverty is depicted early in the book. The atmosphere in the first chapter is leading us into the idea of: how can justice prevail in a society dominated by a single group of people? If this story took place in modern day I believe that question would not be as relevant as it is in the fortys. Grant Wiggins, one of the main characters is a teacher at an elementary school, Grant is a very bitter man for being so young, maybe it is because he has known nothing but segregation and racisms his whole life, growing up in Louisiana. Over the course of the novel, he learns to accept responsibility for his own life, for his relations with other people, and for the condition of Southern society. Jefferson is another one of the main characters; Jefferson is a black man who is described as being sensitive and kind of stupid. Jefferson is accused for a murder and faces the death penalty, he becomes very depressed waiting on death row because he feel so worthless in a white dominate world, but Grant befriends him and helps him out before he dies. Jefferson is convicted of murder, while in his cell the hears his own lawyer call him a hog, this upsets him very much and he realizes how the white dominate the world and that justice can not prevail in world. Grant is asked by his aunt and Jeffersons grandmother to go in to the cell and talk to Jefferson so he can die with dignity and lash back at the society that degraded him. He agrees and restores faith back into Jefferson and uses his death to benefit other black people teach them to be strong. The rising action in this book is when Grant agrees to help Jefferson and visits him regularly. Grant progresses slowly at first, as Jefferson refuses to emerge from his shell of anger and resentment. The climax accusers when Grant buys Jefferson a small notebook to write down his thoughts, and Jefferson agrees. The notebook serves to help them communicate falling action occurs when Grant cannot bear to attend Jeffersons execution. He remains at his schoolhouse, but hears from Paul, the white deputy, that Jefferson did, in fact, die with pride and courage. There were three distinct themes in A Lesson before Dyeing. One is the ability to recognize injustice and accept responsibility; the potential inherent in death; the inescapable past. The theme regarding the potential inherent in death is shown by the amount of times the author alludes to the bible and to Jesus Christ and his crucifixion, the author really makes is clear that a mans death can, in fact, be a meaningful event, as an affirmation of an honorable and just life. We are all aware of an inescable past just like Grant, Grant resents his background. He was treated as an inferior most of his life. Throughout the book. I think very highly of this book, it was one of the first times I really enjoyed a book and pulled a lot out of it. I now realize how important it is to live every day with a positive out look and live everyday with honor, so when I do die I too can die with admiration and dignity. I respect Jefferson even though he maybe murders somebody he was able to turn that around and die with dignity. Words/ Pages : 602 / 24

Saturday, March 21, 2020

Justin Leung Mr. Cohn Essays - Physical Geography, Climatology

Justin Leung Mr. Cohn 5/25/17 Earth Science Environmental Effects of Global Warming: In order to talk about global warming, we must first learn what causes the greenhouse effect. A lot of the rays from the sun are absorbed by water vapor that is naturally in our atmosphere. Water vapor accounts for 80 percent of natural greenhouse warming. The remaining 20 percent is due to other gasses that are present in very small amounts. Carbon dioxide is also a big absorber of the sun's heat rays. Global warming will not just make sea levels rise, it will also affect sea life. Corals are intolerant of temperatures just a few degrees warmer than usual. Small increases in the temperature can kill corals. There have been problems with corals dying in the past few years because of increased water temperatures. Other marine life may migrate northward or southward because the waters are warmer. The warm water would make them think that they were in their natural habitat, when they were actually migrating toward the poles. Food would be scarce in their new habitat.Patterns of the c irculation of seawater are disturbed by global warming. Cold water moves along the sea floor towards the equator and warm water around the equator moves toward the poles across the surface of the ocean. It is known as thermohaline circulation. It is a very important process concerning ocean life. This circulation process brings oxygenated water to the sea floor. If this did not happen, Water along the sea floor would become depleted of the oxygen organisms need to survive.Fish, such as salmon, are also sensitive to the temperature of the water. During the summer when the water is warm, salmon have a higher metabolic rate. During the winter months, their metabolism slows down, which is good because less food is available. With global warming and increased water temperatures, salmon would have a higher metabolic rate, even if it were during the winter. Less food would be available for them and many salmon would die. Another impact of global warming will be that some diseases are likel y to be spread more easily. Mosquitoes are a major carrier of tropical diseases. Malaria outbreaks are usually confined to where the minimum winter temperature reaches no lower than 16 [degrees Celsius], according to the World Wide Fund for Nature, an independent conservation organization. Scientists are beginning to notice that malaria outbreaks are occurring outside these places. They are attributing this to increased temperatures from global warming. Places such as California, Texas, Florida, Michigan, and New York have had more cases of malaria. People from these states know that the summers have been very hot and humid lately. Malaria mosquitoes thrive in hot and humid weather. Increased temperatures and more rain in some areas will cause hot and humid weather, which will allow for mosquitoes to migrate to new places and spread the disease. A study suggests that malaria transmission would increase from 45% of the globe to 60%, if atmospheric levels of greenhouse gases reach con centrations equivalent to a doubling of CO2 since the industrial revolution1. Cholera and dengue fever are also carried by mosquitoes and thrive in warm and moist climates. As with malaria, more cholera and dengue fever outbreaks would occur because of migrating mosquitoes. As stated earlier, the warming of the oceans will increase the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and will make global warming a problem of increasing severity. There are other ways that this happens too. As the weather becomes warmer, more organic matter in the ground will be decomposed. This causes carbon dioxide to be released into the atmosphere: If average temperatures would rise by .3 degrees C per decade, soils will release an amount of CO2 equal to nearly 20 percent of the projected amount released by combustion of fossil fuels. Gas hydrates will also decompose with warmer temperatures. Gas hydrates are icelike solids in which molecules of gas, mainly methane, are locked in the structure of water and are usually found in frozen soil or in ocean sediments. Scientists have found that gas hydrates worldwide hold a total of 10,000 billion metric tons of carbon, twice the amount contained in all the known coal,

Thursday, March 5, 2020

Fiscal Stimulus - Three Key Ingredients

Fiscal Stimulus - Three Key Ingredients In late 2008 and early 2009, you could not turn on a TV or open a newspaper without hearing the term fiscal stimulus over and over again. The idea behind fiscal stimulus is a rather simple one - a reduction in consumer demand has resulted in an unusually high number of idle resources such as unemployed workers and closed factories. Because the private sector will not spend, the government can take the place of the private sector by increasing spending, thus putting these idle resources back to work. With their newly found income, these workers will be able to spend again, increase consumer demand. As well, workers who already have jobs will have increased confidence in the state of the economy and will increase their spending as well. Once consumer spending rises enough, the government can slow their spending, as they are no longer needed to pick up the slack.The theory behind fiscal stimulus depends on three basic factors. As we will see, in practice it is difficult to have more tha n two of these met at any one time. Fiscal Stimulus Factor 1 - Provide Stimulus Through Use of Idle Resources Fiscal stimulus only works if it uses idle resources - resources that would not otherwise be used by the private sector. Using employees and equipment that would otherwise be used by the private sector is of no use; in fact, it is detrimental if the private sector projects are of more value than government ones. This crowding out of private spending by public spending must be avoided.To avoid crowding out, great care needs to be taken in a fiscal stimulus package to target industries and geographic areas that contain idle resources. Re-opening a closed automotive plant and rehiring the laid off workers is an obvious way to do so, though in the real world it is difficult to target a stimulus plan so precisely.We cannot forget that the choice of what type of fiscal stimulus is chosen by politicians, and thus is a political issue as much as it is an economic one. There is a great likelihood that a politically popular but non-stimulating package will be chosen over one that is politicall y less popular but more beneficial to the economy. Fiscal Stimulus Factor 2 - Started Quickly A recession is not a particularly long-lived phenomenon (though it often feels like one). Since World War II recessions have lasted between 6 and 18 months, with an average duration of 11 months (source). Suppose we are in a long recession of 18 months, with another 6 months of slow growth afterward. This gives us a 24-month window in which to provide fiscal stimulus. During this period a number of things have to happen: The government has to recognize that the economy is in recession. This takes longer than one might imagine - the National Bureau of Economic Research did not recognize that the United States was in a recession until 12 months after it started.The government needs to develop a stimulus package.The stimulus bill needs to be made law and pass all the necessary checks and balances.The projects involved in the stimulus package need to be started. There may be delays in this step, particularly if the project involves the building of physical infrastructure. Environmental assessments need to be completed, private sector contractors need to bid on the project, workers need to be hired. All of this takes time.The projects, ideally, need to be completed. If they are not completed before the economy fully recovers, then we will certainly have crowding out as these employees and equipment would be of use to the private sector. All of these items need to happen in the window of, at best, 24 months. Meeting this task seems quite difficult, if not impossible. Fiscal Stimulus Factor 3 - Perform Reasonably Well on a Benefit-Cost Test Ideally, we should get good value for our money - the government should spend taxpayer dollars on items of real value to the taxpayer. Government spending will necessarily raise GDP because in the calculation of GDP the value of any government project is determined by its cost, not its value. But building roads to nowhere does nothing to increase our true standard of living.There is also the political issue here - that projects may be chosen on their political popularity or value to special interests, rather than on their merits.   Fiscal Stimulus - Meeting One Factor Is Hard; Three Is Impossible In Fiscal Stimulus - Unlikely To Work in the Real World we will see that not only are some of these factors hard enough to meet on their own, it is nearly impossible to meet more than two of them at any one time.

Tuesday, February 18, 2020

Community Map Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Community Map - Essay Example Each map misses something important as when I compare my map with that of my neighbors I realize that I forget to draw a lot of stuff, but it does not matter because it shows how each of us envision our community (Glenn, 2004). It also shows how each person expresses his or her own interpretation of a community on his or her map. In my community, my neighbors are very close to one another because the majority of us are Haitians, which makes us strong. We speak of the similarity of language, eat same food and dress the same way. In contrary, we do not support each other as they do in Haiti. I personally did my own research about community economics. In order for a community to be powerful, each of us must practice group economics that means patronize each other businesses so our money can be osculated within our community. An example is, we need to control more businesses and resources in our community instead of having someone else that comes from a different community that has a different culture ruling all of us (Glenn, 2004). We can buy out politicians or at least rent them out so they can implement a new law that would benefit us in the long run. Anybody thinks by voting you automatically control your politicians; you are delusional. By having a business in your community, you can afford to write a cheque to your local politicians and support them in their next campaign (Glenn, 2004). Next time you decide to ask for a favor, someone you would be ready to answer to your

Monday, February 3, 2020

No Smoking Employees Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

No Smoking Employees - Essay Example Furthermore, a smoking employee’s health plan and insurance premiums are higher compared to non-smokers. This means higher health care and medical costs for the employers. Moreover, employers are also concerned about the risk of second hand smoke on their non-smoking employees. This could also result in higher medical costs for them, so they would not like to expose their other employees to the health hazards of second hand smoke. Employers perceive hiring smokers as going against their clean indoor air policy. In most areas, refusal to hire smokers does not constitute unlawful discrimination. Federal law prohibits employers from discriminating against any individual in hiring because of that individual’s race, color, religion, sex, national origin, citizenship status, age, and disability. In addition, state law also prohibits discrimination in hiring based on height, weight, and marital status. This means that employers can discriminate against smokers because they do not belong to the â€Å"protected group†. Other employers do not hire smokers because they believe that employment requires a high level of physical fitness which means that good health is an essential asset for any job (ASH, par.12).

Sunday, January 26, 2020

Modern Families And Traditional Families Sociology Essay

Modern Families And Traditional Families Sociology Essay Families are changing all over the world. What we see as a family some years back is different. There has been a lot of transition from traditional towards modern families. It is sometimes because of technology but most importantly it evolves around the culture and how different people have adapted to different cultures. (The Future of Families to 2030) Families; now and then: A few years back, concept of a family was different. In different cultures family was considered parents raising their children and all of them living together raising children and grandchildren together. The aunts and uncles were part of families and were significant other. Three generations were considered to be a single family who are living together; but now the concepts of families have totally changed. Your significant others now days are only the parents or your siblings. At a time one or two generations make a family. This change does not vary on a cultural basis but it is seen to be adapted universally. (The Future of Families to 2030) Modern families Vs. Traditional Families: The book marks different examples and compares both stereotypes of families. The traditional families vary from modern families in a lot of ways. Example of primitive Chineses societies is given where is mentioned how the family works on the farm together play their role and act as one unit. Each of the family members has separate shares of land and they get divided when children grow up. To avoid this, primitive families gave the land to the eldest son. Further, traditional families have an advantage that the families stay close together with a strong bond. (Kong) On the other side, living together can cause number of disputes and disagreements as well; larger the family, more the ways of thinking and more conflict of ideas. To keep this thing in place, a head of mainly is made who is mostly the eldest male member of the family. All the family decisions are in his hand. He is to decide whether to talk about and take a certain decision or not. This creates loos of freedom as no one is to take decisions independently and one loses the right of how to conduct certain things in the family. In traditional families, more is talked about bonds and staying together like family as a single unit; but now days more is being focused in individuality; people like to think about themselves first and then about significant others. Individuality has given rise to equality and in case of families all family members must be equal together. This is a concept which has been adopted by the modern families where each of the family members has say in the family decisions and everything is based on equality. This style of family is healthy at one side but it is also has a demerit; this type of families ruin the traditional values which elders kept safe throughout the generations. The respect of elders is becoming less. Parents living together with grandchildren are considered a burden. Whatever the type of family is and in whatever culture or society we reside; but universally a family is where the love and care takes start. After a bad day; when everything comes to an end; you are always looking towards family as a last place of comfort. Families are there to support you and help you without being judgmental. (Kong) Change in fertility and family planning from past to future: There has been a lot of change in the family planning and idea of number of children. The fertility levels and family size have a lot of difference in the past as compared to today and in future. The fertility and family size has been changed not only because of the change in traditions and culture but growing population has become a global concern as well. There are many other reasons as well which have led to a different family pattern and size. (2011) Now days everything and even the way of living has changed, now people like to have less but the best of all the options available. Same is the case with families; now days what parents commonly think is that to provide their children and family with the best options like education, standards of living and much more, it becomes impossible in the case when you have large families; so smaller families are a way to get all of this in todays world. Secondly, the trend of late marriages has also stepped in where now the people like to focus on their career and education before they plan to settle; late marriages lower the level of fertility and leads to less number of children but who are grown in the healthiest manner. Thirdly, are the advancements in contraceptions and change in society marriages. Gay marriages are legal in most of the countries leading to smaller family sizes and advancement is contraception which was absent in the past have led to smaller families. The fertility level and the family size and trends have changed a lot from past to the future. (2011) The change in partnership patterns: Families in the past were happy to live together for all their lives; the early marriages concept was common. People were not allowed to take bold decisions or to think about themselves; but as education came in and people became more aware about their rights; they started to think about themselves; hence changing the partnership patterns. (2011) In past; marriages used to last long, but in future trends will be different because of high divorce rates. People think about themselves individually now and equality also plays an important role. Gender biasness has decreased a lot which maintains both the husband and wife rights equally and when they are not being fulfilled people go to look for other options like divorce and separation. This in future will result in families with number of single parents. (2011) Same is the case with gay marriages; in future number of families will be with same gendered parents living together and raising families at their best. The change in children behavior: There are number of changes seen in the behavior of children as compared to how they behaved a century back. Now days children like to be and stay independent after they start to earn or turn eighteen. Children move out of the parents home and stay with friends or partners and look for an independent life. (2011) (The Future of Families to 2030) In the past, this idea was rarely seen. Parents home was the childrens home and they stayed until they got married or even sometimes parents home was the family home where all lived together; children moving out in their teenage has changed the family pattern and the concept of family a lot. Furthermore; as the world move towards globalization; studying and settling abroad has become very common as soon as we become global citizens. Children move out for higher studies and get settled there later on in life which has changed the family concept and pattern as compared to the past. Family of the Future: Family of the future seems to be a different term; but if we look upon closely the concept of a family still remains the same; the family is a place which you look forward to after everything. Family is about companionship and staying together in hearts no matter wherever you are. The transition which the families have gone through from past to present towards the future has immense changes but whether modern or traditional family is where an individual belongs to. (The Future of Families to 2030)

Saturday, January 18, 2020

Life of Pi Animals Essay

Acting and speaking before THINKING, this goes back to a humans’ primitive stage. We are all animals, in the sense that we are mammals. Manifested through our psyche or personality, each animal has a different representation. From personality traits, behavior or even symbolism, animals have the ability to portray these features in humans. In Yann Martel’s Life of Pi, four distinct animals are manifested in the main character’s (Pi Patel)spirit. These four animals a zebra, which symbolizes the struggle to survive and docility, the orangutan – a nurturing mother personality, the hyena for desperation and evil, then lastly the tiger, Richard Parker which represents perseverance and companionship. When one visits the zoo, the most submissive creature there to see is the zebra. Marked with bold black and white stripes to show endurance, the zebra is still indecisive and unassertive. Relating back to Pi Patel, even from the beginning of the novel he cannot make up his mind about which religion to follow. This shows when his indetermination leads him from being a Muslim, to Hinduism, to Christianity. Also, as the hyena attacks the zebra for food, the animal strives to defend himself by thrashing about the boat. Severely wounded and painfully struggling to fight the battle, zebras determination to stay alive and survive the attack from the hyena. This is also a small wake up call to Pi who is also growing weak day in and day out while a hungry Bengal tiger sleeps only a few feet away. However the need to survive and the life of force is a character trait that the zebra and Pi Patel have in common, not to mention uncertainty.

Friday, January 10, 2020

The Basics of Classification Essay Samples

The Basics of Classification Essay Samples The essay will also have to include examples for each one of the categories included. It's important to not forget that every category ought to have a single base for classification. The categories you select for your essay should be wholly separate. It is crucial to bring together the examples in the appropriate categories to create sense. To aid you with your choice what things to write, classification essay topics in numerous categories are provided below. You may learn a little bit more about classification and division, and review your essay employing the links below. In a good example, a classification essay may involve detailing the different forms of computers. You will need to structure your classification essay around the categories you will utilize in your classification. The Debate Over Classification Essay Samples Don't begin writing your essay with the start or ending, the most essential part is the middle one. The previous part is an overview of the whole essay. It is essential that the essay doesn't appeal to the writer alone. Starting with a fundamental thesis at the start of your work, don't hesitate to polish it later on, once your essay starts to take some shape. A few of the essays may be straight to the point and doesn't require much thinking to make the very first step of writing. A classification essay is designed to help writers learn to organize their thoughts. Afterwards, you merely must stick to the initial plan and make a great paper, dependent on it. It is difficult to find the point without some great classification paper examples. Nonetheless, you always start your paper with an introduction. Before getting down to writing your classification paper, it is advisable should you build an extensive step-by-step outline. If you go to our sample section there are several examples of classification essays it is possible to read for yourself. Or you might want to find some recommendations about how to compose your essay. After you have decided on the topic for a classification essay and have studied it with diverse strategies of writing, you need to be prepared to compose the very first draft. Moreover, now you are in possession of a brilliant classification essay topic, and you may dive right into the practice of essay writing. Our classification and division essay topics are presented here to assist you in case you don't understand what things to write about. While classification essay topics might vary drastically, they will supply you with enough info to make your own outline. Our classification essay topics should enable you to produce your own idea of what things to write in your essay. The excellent topic for a classification essay ought to have some logical point, you could classify. The concluding paragraph provides you a chance to draw together the many types and approaches you've been examining. For example, the classifications could be close relatives, distant relatives and deceased relatives. Ruthless Classification Essay Samples Strategies Exploited Just consider it how many fantastic things you might do instead of boring writing. With our essay help you may be certain nobody shall get a better mark for the work than you. When writing an essay you could first select a fantastic categor y of things that you have better knowledge and comprehension. In your introduction, you might also need to deliver some particular descriptive or informative details to entice the interest of your readers and suggest the goal of the essay. Students utilize example papers for a number of purposes. They lead busy lives and often forget about an upcoming deadline. As an extra precaution, they should send all of their work through plagiarism checking software before they turn it in. As a rule, they should try to find a paper that was written by someone higher than their current grade level. One of the most intriguing elements of a classification essay is exploring the many ways which you can categorize the pieces of your subject. If you make the choice to buy classification essays from our services, you can be sure that we'll come across an expert ghostwriter who's up to the job. Shorter essays might just require one characteristic, with a comprehensive analysis of the way that i t will help to differentiate the many groups. Classification essays aren't very popular with professors. The organizing principle is the way you sort the groups. Regardless, make sure your conclusion clearly emphasizes the point of your classification. When you have categories, make sure they fit into the exact same organizing principle. The goal of her essay is to illustrate the importance of each and every lie told, however big or little. You can pick any order you want, but be sure your logic is understandable and clear. How much you could earn while your paper work is being done by somebody, who knows the way to do it correctly! Selecting a customized service to compose the paper is the only means to ensure the document will be entirely original. Just about everything can be split into categories, but not everything can offer the material for an intriguing essay.